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Alimentation, La cuisson des aliments au micro-ondes est-elle sans danger ? - Agendaniamey: La 1ère plate-forme événementielle au Niger Picture 002 L’utilisation du micro-ondes n’est pas sans danger sur l’organisme.
Des recherches ont montré que les légumes perdent une partie de leur valeur nutritive au micro-ondes. En effet, « le micro-ondes élimine 97 % des flavonoïdes – composés végétaux ayant des propriétés anti-inflammatoires – du brocoli. C’est un tiers de plus que les dommages causés par l’ébullition ». Le brocoli est une variété de chou originaire d’Italie.
Une autre étude a comparé la teneur en composés phénoliques qui sont des composés associés à divers bienfaits pour la santé, de divers légumes après avoir été bouillis, cuits à la vapeur et passés au micro-ondes. Il en résulte que « la cuisson au micro-ondes et à la vapeur a entraîné une perte du contenu phénolique dans les poireaux, les courges et les pois, mais pas dans les poivrons, les épinards, les brocolis ou les haricots verts ».
Aussi, les scientifiques mettent en garde contre le risque de consommation de phtalates produits lorsque nous faisons passer les aliments au micro-ondes dans des récipients et emballages en plastique. Les phtalates sont l’un des plastifiants les plus couramment utilisés, ajoutés pour rendre le plastique plus souple et que l’on retrouve souvent dans les emballages à emporter, les emballages plastiques et les bouteilles d’eau. Car, lorsqu’ils sont exposés à la chaleur, ces additifs plastiques peuvent se décomposer et s’infiltrer dans les aliments.
En effet, « certains plastiques ne sont pas conçus pour les micro-ondes parce qu’ils contiennent des polymères qui les rendent souples et flexibles, qui fondent à une température plus basse et qui peuvent être lessivés pendant le processus de micro-ondes s’ils dépassent 100°C,» comme l’explique Juming Tang, Professeur d’ingénierie alimentaire à l’Université d’État de Washington.
Ces phtalates perturbent les hormones et notre système métabolique. Chez les enfants, les phtalates peuvent augmenter la pression sanguine et la résistance à l’insuline. Cela a pour conséquence d’accroître le risque de troubles métaboliques tels que le diabète et l’hypertension. De même, l’exposition au phtalate est un risque de problèmes de fertilité, de TDAH et d’asthme.
Les phtalates sont également des perturbateurs potentiels des hormones thyroïdiennes, indispensables pour le développement du cerveau des bébés pendant la grossesse, selon le Professeur Leonardo Trasande de médecine environnementale et de santé de la population à la NYU School of Medicine de New York.
Les experts s’accordent à dire que chauffer du plastique contenant des phtalates peut augmenter l’exposition des nourritures à ces plastifiants.
La meilleure façon de minimiser les risques est d’utiliser d’autres matériaux comme la céramique, qui est résistant aux micro-ondes.
Il est en outre conseillé d’utiliser les micro-ondes pour réchauffer les aliments plutôt que pour les cuire, car ils peuvent cuire de manière inégale explique Francisco Diez-Gonzalez, Professeur de sécurité alimentaire à l’Université de Géorgie.
Sachez aussi que « les aliments doivent être chauffés jusqu’à une température de 82°C (176°F) pour tuer toutes les bactéries nocives – et comme les bactéries peuvent encore se développer à chaque fois que les aliments refroidissent, vous ne devez pas réchauffer un repas plus d’une fois ».
Si vous vous inquiétez du rayonnement des micro-ondes, sachez qu’il est tout à fait inoffensif car « les micro-ondes utilisent des radiations électromagnétiques à basse fréquence, du même type que celles utilisées dans les ampoules et les radios ». En fait, « lorsque vous mettez des aliments dans un micro-ondes, celui-ci absorbe ces micro-ondes, ce qui fait vibrer les molécules d’eau contenues dans les aliments, provoquant une friction qui réchauffe les aliments ».
Et « si vous mangez des récoltes cultivées au soleil, vous ne devriez pas vous préoccuper de la nourriture provenant d’un four à micro-ondes.
Contrairement aux rayons X, les micro-ondes n’utilisent pas de rayonnement ionisant, ce qui signifie qu’elles ne transportent pas assez d’énergie pour détacher les électrons des atomes, » concluent les chercheurs.
Assion HOUESSOU avec la BBC
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